Key TakeawaysEmulation, simulation, and synthesis represent distinct synthetic-patient paradigms, ranging from reweighted external controls to mechanistic/statistical disease models and generative AI trained on large heterogeneous data assets.In silico cohorts deliver value across accelerated evidence generation, long-term endpoint projection, regulatory/HTA strategy (including subgroup and label optimization), and pragmatic effectiveness assessment to inform clinical adoption.Adaptive Bayesian historical-control […]
